Energy Engineering
Project-based professional services where design authority, owner approval, and multi-discipline coordination determine delivery.
Inside this journey
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Customer Discovery
Align on carbon and cost reduction targets, current energy baseline, budget/timeline constraints, and key stakeholders for the engagement.
Discovery Questions
Getting Oriented — A Quick Snapshot of Where You're Starting
- Which of the following best describes the scope you’re considering for this engagement?
- Who are you, and what role will you play in this project?
- What specifically triggered you to explore energy or carbon reductions right now?
- If you had to summarize in one sentence the primary outcome you need from this engagement, what would it be?
- Do you have a hard deadline or board/committee milestone we should design to?
- Who should be our primary point of contact for scheduling, questions, and decisions?
What’s Keeping Your Leadership Up at Night?
- If the board asked you in six months ‘Where are the savings?’, how would you answer?
- Which of these concerns do you feel most urgent right now?
- Have you experienced a previous project where expected savings fell short? If yes, briefly describe what happened and who raised the concern.
- When you picture a failed retrofit, what consequence worries you most—financial write-off, lost credibility, operational disruption, or something else?
- How do these worries typically affect how you present projects to the board or CFO?
Where the Buildings Really Stand (and Why That Matters)
- How confident are you that your current energy baseline reflects true building behavior (occupancy, schedules, and operational variations)?
- When was your last whole-building energy audit, calibrated model, or retrocommissioning?
- What data sources exist today that we could use to establish a baseline (select all that apply)?
- Which systems currently consume the most energy at your site? Please pick up to three.
- What is your facility’s fuel mix and emissions accounting today (electricity, natural gas, steam, on-site generation)?
- Briefly summarize any recent unusual energy trends or operational incidents that could affect baseline accuracy (e.g., occupancy changes, 24/7 loads, pandemic effects).
The Numbers That Will Make or Break Approval
- What financial threshold would cause the CFO to sign off—and what single number would make them say no?
- Which of the following financial criteria drive approvals for projects like this?
- What maximum simple payback would be acceptable for this project?
- Will lender underwriting or an investment-grade audit be required to secure financing?
- How important are utility rebates to the business case—are they optional, helpful, or essential?
- What level of certainty around projected savings do you need (for boards or lenders)?
People, Politics, and Decision Rhythm
- Who would you lose sleep over if they weren’t bought in to this project?
- Which stakeholders should be included in discovery and approval conversations?
- How does your procurement or vendor approval process usually work for professional services and contractors?
- What is your typical decision timeline from initial audit to board/financial approval?
- Do your operations teams have capacity to support implementation and M&V, or would you expect the host to provide day-to-day oversight?
- Describe one stakeholder whose objection could stop the deal and what their main concern would be.
Rules of the Road — Deadlines, Constraints, and Hidden Opportunities
- What timing or regulatory deadlines—if missed—would put this program at risk?
- Are there utility incentive programs or deadlines we should prioritize right away?
- Which site constraints could materially limit solutions (select all that apply)?
- Have you applied for or received incentives on these buildings before?
- Are there internal policies or union rules that affect scheduling, contractor access, or night/weekend work?
- Are you open to alternative financing mechanisms (PACE, ESAs, energy performance contracts) if they improve the cash flow?
If This Works — What Success Actually Looks Like
- If you could show the board one headline result in 18 months, what would you want that headline to be?
- Which KPIs will prove success to your leadership (pick top three)?
- How would you prefer savings be verified after implementation?
- What reporting cadence and level of detail will keep leadership confident (monthly dashboards, quarterly reports, annual verified statements)?
- Post-project, who should own ongoing optimization and the backlog of future enhancements?
- What single outcome would make you consider the engagement a failure?
Small First Steps — How We’d Start and What Would Make You Comfortable
- What would make you comfortable committing to an initial audit or pilot this quarter?
- Which scope would you prefer as the first engagement?
- What data and site access can you reasonably provide within two weeks (select all that apply)?
- Would you be open to a small guaranteed-savings pilot or phased approach to build confidence?
- What’s your preferred communication and decision cadence during discovery (weekly calls, biweekly updates, single workshop)?
- Is there anything else we should know right now that would materially affect how we design the discovery and audit?
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Solution Experience
Walk through the diagnosed current-state performance, realistic retrofit scenarios, and verified outcomes to confirm savings assumptions and lender/board acceptance criteria.
Solution Workshops
- Current-State Diagnosis & Consequence Alignment
- Retrofit Scenarios & Performance Proof
- Financial Underwriting, Incentives & Acceptance Criteria
- Validation Plan, M&V & Stakeholder Sign-off Workshop
- Optional: Site Walk & Controls Data Validation
- Assign governance roles and confirm escalation and reporting cadence during verification.
- Assign owners to investigate/resolve top uncertainty items (e.g., add meters, log equipment performance) with target dates.
- Collect and attach relevant case-study verification files (M&V reports, post-install energy curves) that map to proposed measures.
- Produce an acceptance checklist template that the board and lender can sign off on.
- Financial Summary of Selected Scenarios
- Identify which retrofit scenario(s) meet lender/board financial acceptance criteria under conservative savings assumptions.
- Confirm incentive capture plan and timelines that materially affect project economics.
- Agree on risk allocation and contingency sizing required to obtain underwriting approval.
- Prepare a lender-ready savings and cashflow summary (conservative/likely/optimistic) for the chosen scenario.
- Draft and circulate the incentive application timeline and list of documents needed for each rebate program.
- M&V Approach & Evidence Requirements
- Obtain stakeholder sign-off on the M&V approach and explicit acceptance criteria required by lenders/board.
- Introductions & Meeting Objectives
- Secure a clear set of next actions and milestone dates that move the project toward mutual commit.
- Finalize and circulate the M&V plan and acceptance checklist for formal signatures.
- Schedule the project approval gate review with board and lender representatives and attach required artifacts.
- Assign the M&V lead and site owner who will be responsible for data collection and monthly reporting.
- Site Observations vs Model Assumptions
- Confirm or correct the model assumptions based on direct site evidence.
- Identify minimal metering or controls work that will materially reduce savings uncertainty.
- Create a short remediation list with owners and deadlines to support underwriting confidence.
- Update the model assumptions and scenario savings within X days based on site findings.
- Order/install any required short-term meters or data loggers and assign installation owner.
- Document operator constraints and incorporate them into the M&V and implementation plan.
- Achieve stakeholder agreement on a one-sentence current-state diagnosis.
- Quantify annual energy, cost, and carbon consequences tied to the current state.
- Identify and assign owners for missing data or calibration items required for scenario projections.
- Document the agreed one-sentence current-state statement and circulate to attendees for confirmation.
- Deliver an updated calibrated baseline dataset (monthly bills, interval meter slices, equipment log excerpts) within X business days.
- Assign owner(s) to provide outstanding inputs (e.g., operating schedules, setpoints, maintenance records).
- Recap: Agreed Current State & Consequence
- Stakeholders agree on 1–2 realistic retrofit scenarios that directly address the diagnosed problem.
- Validate the key modeling assumptions and understand sensitivity ranges for expected savings.
- Identify the specific evidence or site fixes required to reduce uncertainty for each scenario.
- Produce a scenario comparison matrix (savings, cost, payback, risk) and distribute to attendees.
- Metering & Data Integrity Check
- One-Sentence Current-State Confirmation
- Acceptance Criteria Walkthrough
- Underwriting Criteria Mapping
- Scenario Overview & Prioritization
- Utility Rebates & Incentive Capture Plan
- Modeled Performance & Sensitivity
- Roles, Governance & Escalation
- Controls Sequence Demo & Operator Inputs
- Baseline Evidence & Model Calibration Summary
- Immediate Mitigations & Documentation
- Consequence Quantification
- Risk Allocation & Contingency Sizing
- Proof from Verified Outcomes
- Validation & Forced Commit
- Assumptions Review & Forced Validation
- Validation Check & Clarifying Questions
- Acceptance Checklist & Decision Criteria
- Milestones, Kickoff & Next Actions
- Next Steps & Data Gaps
- Gap & Risk Items to Resolve
- Confirm Next Financial Deliverables
- Decision Framing & Next Steps
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Solution Scope
Define the audit level, deliverables, prioritized energy conservation measures, M&V approach, and roles for design and incentive capture.
Scope Configuration
- Install LED lighting fixtures and daylight/occupancy controls
- Replace rooftop HVAC units with high-efficiency RTUs and economizers
- Install variable-frequency drives (VFDs) on pumps and fans
- Upgrade and install BACnet-compatible building automation controllers
- Deploy optimized BAS control sequences and scheduling
- Retro-commission HVAC systems and controls
- Install electric and thermal submeters and integrate to analytics
- Deliver calibrated energy model tied to interval meter data
- Prepare and submit utility incentive and rebate applications
- Provide construction administration and field oversight
- Install heat-recovery exchangers on ventilation and exhaust streams
- Deploy Measurement & Verification metering and monthly savings reports
Scope Questions
Install LED lighting fixtures and daylight/occupancy controls
- Which areas should be included in the LED lighting scope?
- What is the approximate scope in square feet or current fixture count?
- What is the existing lamp/fixture technology in target areas?
- Which control strategies do you want included?
- Do you require integration of lighting controls with the BAS or analytics platform?
- Are emergency, egress, or code-required lighting specifications needed (e.g., battery backup, sealed fixtures)?
- Do you expect the project team to prepare utility rebate applications for lighting measures?
Replace rooftop HVAC units with high-efficiency RTUs and economizers
- How many rooftop units (RTUs) or packaged units are in scope and what are their nominal sizes (tons)?
- What is the age and refrigerant type of the existing rooftop units?
- Do you require economizers and enthalpy control (free cooling) on replacement units?
- Are rooftop structural, curb, or crane access constraints that will affect unit replacement?
- Should replacements prioritize a specific efficiency metric (e.g., IEER, SEER, EER) or certification?
- Do you want the new RTUs integrated into the BAS and/or included in incentive applications?
Install variable-frequency drives (VFDs) on pumps and fans
- Which motors are candidates for VFD installation (pump/fan list with motor HP if known)?
- What is the control signal type currently used for these motors?
- Are there space, ventilation, or harmonics constraints in the electrical rooms that affect VFD installation?
- Do you require soft-start only, or full-speed-range VFDs with feedback and PID control?
- Should VFDs be included in the BAS integration, metering, and fault detection?
- Are there utility incentive programs or motor-rebate requirements you want the project to pursue for VFDs?
Upgrade and install BACnet-compatible building automation controllers
- What is the current BAS platform and communication protocol in place?
- How many controllers and total I/O points are expected to be added or replaced (approx.)?
- Do you require secure remote access, VPN setup, and role-based user accounts for the BAS?
- Is BACnet compatibility required for IP (Ethernet) or MSTP (serial) networks?
- Should controllers be open-architecture for third-party integration (metering, analytics, tenant systems)?
- Are there certification, local code, or vendor-preference constraints for controller hardware?
Deploy optimized BAS control sequences and scheduling
- Which systems should have optimized sequences applied (select all that apply)?
- Do you have documented setpoint, scheduling, and occupancy rules that must be preserved?
- Are there occupant comfort or critical-process exceptions that limit schedule changes?
- Do you want automated setpoint optimization and economizer tuning included?
- Should control sequence changes include automated fault detection and alarm rules?
- What acceptance criteria should be used to confirm optimized sequences are successful (energy reduction %, comfort metrics)?
- Do you require training and handover documentation for operations staff after sequence deployment?
Retro-commission HVAC systems and controls
- Have the systems been previously commissioned or retro‑commissioned?
- What deliverables are required from retro-commissioning (e.g., AS-found/AS-left report, T&M logs, punchlist)?
- Will on-site access be available during normal business hours or is after-hours access required for testing?
- Is functional performance testing (FPT) and test & balance (TAB) included in scope or performed by others?
- Are there critical processes, labs, or tenant constraints that limit system shutdowns during commissioning?
- Should the retro-commissioning scope include sequence remediation, tuning, and verification over a multi-week period?
- Do you want commissioning deliverables to support lender underwriting or incentive proof (e.g., signed reports, calibrated data)?
Install electric and thermal submeters and integrate to analytics
- Which utility and thermal streams should be metered (select all that apply)?
- What interval resolution is required for metering data?
- Do you require revenue-grade meters or submeters with specific accuracy class?
- How should meters communicate data (select all that apply)?
- Do you want the metering data integrated into an existing analytics platform or delivered with a new dashboard?
- Are submeters required to support utility incentive measurement, tenant billing, or internal reporting?
Deliver calibrated energy model tied to interval meter data
- What modeling standard and deliverable level do you require (e.g., ASHRAE Level/Investment-Grade, IPMVP alignment)?
- What baseline period of interval meter data will be provided for calibration (months)?
- Which outputs are required from the calibrated model?
- Do you require independent QA or third-party validation of the calibrated model for lender acceptance?
- Should the model be configured to support M&V reporting and post-installation variance analysis?
- Are weather-normalization and baseline adjustment rules required in the calibration and reporting?
- Provide any special constraints or inputs (e.g., occupancy schedules, process loads) that must be represented in the model.
Prepare and submit utility incentive and rebate applications
- Which utility service territories and incentive programs apply to the project?
- Who will be the account holder and signatory for rebate applications?
- Do you require pre-approval/early design sign-off from the utility before procurement?
- What documentation will you require the project team to prepare (M&V reports, engineering calculations, cut sheets)?
- Are incentive timelines or program sunset dates a critical driver for the project schedule?
- Do you want the project team to manage invoicing and incentive remittance after approval?
Provide construction administration and field oversight
- What level of field presence is required during construction?
- Which roles should be provided by the CA team (PM, site superintendent, commissioning agent, safety officer)?
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Mutual Commit
Finalize commercial terms, milestones, acceptance criteria, utility rebate responsibilities, and governance needed for project approval.
Agreement Modules
- Statement of Work (SOW)
- Master Services Agreement (MSA)
- Pricing & Payment Schedule
- Project Milestones & Acceptance Criteria
- Utility Rebate & Incentive Responsibility
- Measurement & Verification (M&V) Plan
- Performance Guarantee / Savings Warranty
- Governance & Decision Rights
- Risk Allocation, Insurance & Liability
- Commissioning, Handover & Warranty
- Change Order & Scope Management
- Contractor / Subcontractor Approval
- Lender & Underwriting Deliverables
- Escrow, Deposit & Performance Security
- Confidentiality & Data Sharing Agreement (DPA)
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Deployment
Coordinate implementation, commissioning, contractor oversight, and utility incentive submissions with clear sequencing and owner accountability.
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Success
Verify measured savings against projections, document M&V evidence, capture learnings, and maintain a shared backlog for issues and enhancements.
Verification & M&V Reviews
- M&V Results Review
- Evidence & Documentation Handoff
- Operations & Commissioning Review
- Lessons Learned & Backlog Prioritization Workshop
- Stakeholder Close-out & Incentive Reconciliation
Issues & Enhancements
- Agree on governance, funding triggers, and review cadence for the backlog.
- Commissioning Summary
- Identify operational causes of performance shortfalls and agree on corrective actions.
- Schedule and assign tuning, training, and O&M updates to ensure persistent savings.
- Close outstanding commissioning punch-list items or convert them into the shared backlog with owners.
- Create a prioritized operational tuning plan with estimated impact and responsible parties.
- Deliver targeted operator training sessions and update O&M manuals to reflect new control sequences.
- Convert unresolved commissioning items into backlog tickets with owners and due dates.
- Implement monitoring alerts for key performance indicators tied to verified savings.
- Project Success Metrics Recap
- Capture a durable set of lessons that improve future projects and operational practices.
- Produce a prioritized backlog of issues and enhancements with owners and timelines.
- Welcome & Objectives
- Populate the shared backlog with detailed tickets (description, impact, estimated effort, owner, and due date).
- Assign owners for the top 3 backlog items and schedule initial work or scoping sessions.
- Document lessons learned in a one-page summary to be circulated to sponsor and project teams.
- Set up recurring backlog review meetings (quarterly) and add to stakeholders' calendars.
- Incentive Status & Reconciliation
- Reconcile incentives and confirm receipts or next steps to secure outstanding funds.
- Update and approve the final financial outcomes for distribution to executive stakeholders.
- Declare project closed or document transition plan with responsibilities and SLAs.
- Submit any outstanding utility documentation to secure pending rebates and track payment dates.
- Update the financial model with measured savings and finalize the ROI report for the CFO and board.
- Issue formal project close memo or transition plan and distribute to stakeholders.
- Log any warranty or contractual follow-ups into the shared backlog with owners and dates.
- Confirm validated measured savings and whether they fall within the agreed tolerance of projected savings.
- Agree on remediation steps and owners for any deviations greater than tolerance.
- Approve the evidence set that will be packaged for lenders, auditors, and incentive programs.
- Establish timeline for final M&V report sign-off.
- Finalize variance table and annotate root cause attributions for each material deviation.
- Prepare and circulate the preliminary validated M&V results package within 5 business days.
- Assign owner to track any required re-measurement or additional instrumentation if data gaps were identified.
- Schedule follow-up technical deep-dive if unresolved measurement questions remain.
- Package Checklist Review
- Ensure the documentation package meets lender/auditor/utility requirements and internal record standards.
- Assign custodians for the package and confirm the delivery timeline.
- Confirm repository access rules and audit trail requirements.
- Compile final M&V package, ensure file naming conventions and a version index, and upload to the agreed repository.
- Circulate the sign-off form to designated signatories and collect signed copies within the agreed timeline.
- Set repository access permissions and share access instructions with authorized stakeholders.
- Prepare a short delivery memo summarizing contents and how each item maps to external requirements.
- Operator Logs & Override Events
- What Worked / What Didn’t (Structured Retrospective)
- Recap of Baseline & Assumptions
- Financial Outcome vs Business Case
- Walkthrough of Key Evidence Files
- Contractual Acceptance & Warranty Items
- Measured Results Presentation
- Performance Trending & Alarms
- Root Cause Synthesis for Top Issues
- Sign-offs & Certifications
- Recommended Tuning & Control Changes
- Variance & Root Cause Analysis
- Repository, Access Controls & Retention
- Executive Summary for Board/CFO
- Backlog Creation & Prioritization
- Training & O&M Updates
- Formal Project Close or Transition Plan
- Validation & Evidence Review
- Governance & Cadence